Nausea refers to the uncomfortable sensation of feeling like you need to vomit. It is commonly described as a queasy or unsettled feeling in the stomach, often accompanied by an urge to vomit. Nausea can be caused by several factors, including gastrointestinal issues (such as gastroenteritis, acid reflux, or gastritis), motion sickness, pregnancy (morning sickness), certain medications, infections, stress, anxiety, or other medical conditions.

Vomiting, also known as emesis or throwing up, is the forceful expulsion of the stomach contents through the mouth. It is a reflex action controlled by the vomiting center in the brainstem. Vomiting can be preceded by nausea, and it is the body’s way of eliminating harmful substances or irritants from the stomach.

Like nausea, vomiting can have numerous causes, including viral or bacterial infections (such as gastroenteritis), food poisoning, medication side effects, overeating, alcohol consumption, chemotherapy, migraines, inner ear disorders, and more severe medical conditions.

Symptoms

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Loss of appetite
• Excessive saliva production (hypersalivation)
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dehydration (dry mouth, decreased urine output, thirst)
• Headache
• Fever
• Sweating

Treatment

The treatment of nausea and vomiting depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, addressing the primary condition or trigger can alleviate the symptoms. Over-the-counter medications such as antacids or antiemetics (anti-nausea drugs) may provide relief for mild cases. For more severe or persistent symptoms, prescription medications may be required.

It is important to stay hydrated and consume small, bland meals if possible. In some instances, intravenous fluids may be necessary to prevent dehydration.